Healthcare and Medicine! Many tests can be done from urinalysis. Taking a urine sample, filling a sterile urine specimen cup, & placing in the designated shelf for the laboratory to test. Diagnosis of illness can be obtained from the results of a urinalysis. For pain management, drug testing is done using a urine sample, to ensure the pain management patient is complying with the rules of pain management that no other drugs are taken than what is prescribed by the pain doctor, and no illegal drugs used.